4G Wireless Network Network Technologies

Question: Talk about the 4G Wireless Network for Network Technologies. Answer: Presentation Remote system advances have made due for a few ages as 1G and 2G administrations which offered confined types of assistance. Customers of 2G just as 2.5G are mentioning for better quality information, media and voice benefits as they have in wired system. Notwithstanding, the information rate required for this is high, which is in like manner past the third era arrange limits. This propelled the investigation of the 4G remote systems. 4G remote system vision brings various convenient and remote frameworks and the motivation behind this investigation is to discover total information about 4G remote system. There is a fundamental differentiation between remote system and wired system. Remote frameworks are PC systems which are not related with any kind of connections. The use of a remote framework engages dares to keep up a key good ways from the preposterous technique of bringing connections and associations among various areas. The premises of 4G remote systems are named as radio wav es, which is a physical level framework execution. 4G remote systems have various covered systems. This investigation is sorted out with the assistance of different articles, researchers articles and exploration papers and diaries. In this examination different articles, research papers are utilized to set up this report about 4G remote systems different kinds of remote parts which will offer a costly help for the customers, so every customer can without much of a stretch speak with the help of these structures and systems. Customers won't simply have the capacity to utilize web benefits yet additionally the ability to use different administrations, for example, voice just as some other regular applications. 4G remote system help in upgrading the administrations and help the clients to secure a broad assortment of administrations and information. The 4G remote system is confined in certain territories along these lines, this examination is limited to discover how 4G organize functio ns in country regions since it limited to scan for rustic zones 4G arrange correspondence framework, its design. Discoveries 4G Wireless Network Original adaptable remote systems were introduced in mid-eighties just as second era structures introduced after the 1980s and were arranged basically for the transmission of the voice (Abdeljebbar Kouch, 2014). The hidden systems used basic repeat regulation though another model and furthermore the ensuing compact structures use electronic correspondence techniques with TDM, FDM or the CDMA (Barken Bermel, 2004). The third time remote structures which are basically getting introduced on the planet markets offer amazingly higher data rates just as grant important improvements over the remote 2G systems (Barnes O'Farrell, 2002). 3G remote systems were proposed to give voice just as paging organizations to give natural sight and sound including video talking and web get to and a collection of various organizations. Be that as it may, these systems offer WAN system of around 384 kbps peak rate just as compelled extent of 2 Mbps (Chen, 2014). Subsequently giving broadband organizations m ay be the genuine destinations of the remote 4G structures. 4G phones ought to be a lot faster, yet that isn't commonly the circumstance. There are such an assortment of advancements named as 4G, remote innovation in this manner various ways to deal with complete them, that the term is skirting on erratic (Barnes O'Farrell, 2002). Worldwide Telecommunications, a standards body, endeavored to give requirements to make a structure 4G remote system yet they were ignored through transporters, and over the long haul the ITU quit. 4G headways fuse HSPA+, WiMAX, just as LTE (Barken Bermel, 2004). Dependability of versatile correspondence is perhaps the most sultry subject these days. The development of 4G remote system is blasting with fast in light of bleeding edge and rising advancements it gives (Gobjuka, 2005). Present occasions are just the start for passing on 3G remote correspondence systems, 4G Wireless systems. Stream times are the perfect beginning for passing on 3G flexible corr espondence structures, trek research on the coming period of convenient exchanges (Hurley, 2006). This paper focuses on the subject of 4G remote system from a particular perspective. After a short review of the improvement history and status of flexible correspondences and related 4G organize perspectives, after this a general 4G remote system feature structure considering the bit thought of blend, in hitch to key segments of the three targets are depicted in unpretentious component (Jaloun Guennoun, 2010). The thoughts of both external and inside grouped characteristics of each goal are portrayed to depict the causes and courses of action of the flexible segment. The nearness of 4G Networks in the present development driven society is basic markers of progress and change (Hurley, 2006). 4G arrange frameworks, are proposed to energize upgraded remote limits, framework speeds, and visual headways (Jaloun Guennoun, 2010). It is predicted that as these frameworks continue flourishing, the enthusiasm for front line related advancements will moreover create, along these lines making new choices for shrewd development customers to outperform their pined for wants (Hurley, 2006). The going with discourse will evaluate the current state of 3G Networks and will take a gander at the future capacity of these frameworks in broadening development based capacities for customers and organizations the same (Jaloun Guennoun, 2010). This examination show a general vision of the 4G frameworks start by indicating a segment of the key parts they will give, and a while later discussing key challenges the experts and dealers are attempting to decide, in conclusion rapidly depicting a segment of the proposed answers for these issues. 4G remote system is the expression used to depict the fourth era remote systems (Jaloun Guennoun, 2010). 4G remote system is a next stage from 3G remote system, which is by and by the much expansive, quick speed arrange. 4G remote system is just open in barely any constrained territories (Hurley, 2006). While every one of the 4G remote organization is known as4G, the fundamental advancement isn't comparative (Fledderus, 2005). Run, for example, uses WiMax headway for their 4G system, while Verizon association utilizes an advancement named as a LTE. Despite what advancement is at its back, 4G remote system is expected to pass on speed (Ganesh Pahlavan, 2002). In general, 4G remote systems ought to be somewhere around multiple times a lot speedier than the present remote 3G frameworks. A few associations said that the 4G remote WiMax framework can give download speeds are multiple times speedier than the remote 3G arrange associations, with speeds around 10 megabits for consistently (Gobjuka, 2005). 4G remote systems is a fourth period of remote correspondence. 4G remote system is a phase up from the remote 3G arrange, which is at present the most expansive, quick speed organization (Glisic Veiga, 2009). 4G remote system is only avai lable in confined regions. While as yet being created, the foundations for the replacement of the flow framework is correct presently being fabricated and explored by the telephone business and other innovative architects (Hurley, 2006). The general objective of the framework is to give a comprehensive and safe Internet Protocol game plan with a lot speedier data speeds than the past periods. The 4G Wireless system is a safe and ensured and secure and various administrations should be possible by utilizing it. It gives the total satisfaction of customers necessities (Gobjuka, 2005). 4G remote headways have various key stands out in relationship from 3G remote system and furthermore with prior remote progressions. A key portraying component is a way that 4G remote frameworks will work inside and out depends upon TCP or IP configuration just as set-up of shows (Ganesh Pahlavan, 2002). This design decision is wanted to drive costs down like IP has transformed into the general choice fo r the information organizing across over heterogeneous progressions. It will in like manner bring about opening up and what was at that point a constrained cell showcase restricted to for the most part couple of merchants (Glisic Veiga, 2009). Regardless, one result in moving to the open course of action of correspondence shows is the normal augmentation in security concerns differentiated and 2G remote systems and 3G remote systems. Essential thought has been given to security plot in the midst of the headway of both WiMAX just as the LTE measures (Gobjuka, 2005). In any case, in view of open nature just as IP-based establishment for the remote 4G arrange, it makes the feeling that further immense thought ought to be given to appreciate and focus on the security issues. The task of making sure about 4G systems and structures is a trying one (Hurley, 2006). The designers of 4G remote structures have an a lot of security developments and past remote wellbeing experiences to draw (Fle dderus, 2005). Necessities for 4G remote system Low Handoff: Handoff defers the administrations just as it in like manner makes disaster to the information correspondence. In this manner, Handoff ought to be administered for the powerful correspondence (Abdeljebbar Kouch, 2014). Access: Access is the imperative thing inside the 4G remote system since it offers availability or systems to the customers just as it likewise offers end administrations to customers (Agarwal, 2014). System: Network should be of various administrations with the objective that it won't just give the crucial access, in any case, moreover offers a far reaching scope of various administrations or applications to the people who will require voice just as different administrations (Ganesh Pahlavan, 2002). Broadband: 4G wirel

All About My Mother Pan’s Labyrinth Free Essays

How far do the accounts of the movies you have examined depend on sensational snapshots of encounter and how far on a progressively unpretentious change after some time? The two totally different Spanish movies about my Mother (AAMM) and Pan’s Labyrinth utilize complex stories and character portrayals to investigate sex belief systems. I would propose that the two movies depend to some degree on emotional snapshots of encounter yet in addition show an increasingly inconspicuous change after some time; in this article I will clarify this view. We will compose a custom paper test on About My Mother Pan’s Labyrinth or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now AAMM is an amazing drama, showing a considerable lot of Almodovar’s signature characteristics and embodying his exhuberant, testing post-Franco style. As an acting, it is not really astounding that there are numerous sensational minutes inside the account and all through the film we see different angry minutes between the characters. For instance, as Manuela enters Barcelona in a taxi there is a brutally stunning scene which acquaints us with Agrado as she is ambushed by a customer. She is insubordinate in her reaction and along these lines Almodovar sets his plan: this is a film which challenges customary sexual orientation jobs and our impression of what is and what ‘should be’. The scene is maybe all the all the more stunning in light of the fact that up until this point, in Madrid, there has been high dramatization in the abrupt demise of Manuela’s child however her response to it is unpretentiously introduced and sex portrayals are undeniably progressively customary and in accordance with the authoritative view. As Manuela’s fairly uninvolved mission to discover Lola proceeds, the story is punctuated by different sensational snapshots of showdown yet Almodovar’s expectation is plainly not only to introduce a lot of over-misrepresented characters in far-fetched situations and it is maybe his nuance that permits the film to impart its genuine significance. In spite of the fact that Manuela is the principle character and it is her activities which move the account along at first, it is maybe through the entirety of his characters and their entwined encounters that Almodovar all the more completely investigates sex and sexuality and questions authoritative qualities. Every one of his characters goes on an excursion and while the clearly sensational account is the thing that keeps the crowd engaged (if to some degree disbelievingly) it is maybe the more unobtrusive undercurrents of progress which we can just acknowledge once the film is done that contain its actual message. Manuela, the endless mother, gets an opportunity to be so to a baby once more; Agrado has discovered acknowledgment and reason which doesn't depend on the offer of her body; Huma is liberated from the damaging and harmful Nina; Rosa’s mother, who speaks to maybe more than some other character the authoritative estimations of Spanish society that Almodovar is testing, is demonstrated to be cutthroat in the most noticeably terrible manner by dismissing her grandkid and in this way loses her entitlement to approach him. Rosa, obviously, is dead however before her demise she had flawlessly transformed from religious recluse to natural mother. I would contend that these progressions are unobtrusive and not dependent on snapshots of sensational encounter, and that really it is these progressions †these individuals †which are the film’s account. In spite of the fact that the emotional minutes are engaging, they are the bass line and the subtler changes are the song. As far as story, Pan’s Labyrinth is obviously very not quite the same as AAMM yet I would contend that as far as the significance of sensational snapshots of encounter versus subtler changes, there are a few likenesses. As a gothic fantasy/dream film set during the Spanish common war, we would expect sensational encounters as double restrictions are a key show of the class and showdowns an indication of contention; and undoubtedly, we are not baffled. The antagonist of the story, Captain Vidal, is at the core of the vast majority of the sensational encounters inside the film, with the Doctor, Ofelia, Carmen, the renegades and in the end, a definitive showdown with Mercedes which brings about his demise. As in AAMM, these minutes are surely key to the advancement of the account and serve to feature del Toro’s portrayal of Franco’s authoritative manliness as vicious, controlling and angry. Yet, when we take a gander at the female characters in the film, as without a doubt we should, there is an unmistakably subtler and progressively touchy methodology both in their portrayal and in their jobs and capacities inside the account. Mercedes, as the ‘helper’, develops in quality and fortitude as the film advances, moving continuously from a fairly sidelined onlooker of Vidal’s fear to a chivalrous focal player and fruitful challenger, murdering the lowlife and sparing the revolutionaries (who happen to be men). Ofelia obviously, experiences gigantic change all through the story, losing her mom and going up against different animals just as Vidal as she goes however maybe more fundamentally, neglecting to defy her own dread of growing up and rather picking to remain a youngster until the end of time. Carmen is spoken to as feeble and fitting in with the authoritative belief system that ladies ought to be compliant to their spouses and she kicks the bucket during labor, maybe to exhibit that this view is obsolete. In this film, the need for ladies to be moms is along these lines tested through both mother and girl, as Carmen bites the dust for it and Ofelia straightforwardly dismisses it. One end which could be drawn is that in spite of the fact that there are numerous snapshots of sensational showdown in Pan’s story, they maybe only veil the subtler changes occurring underneath them. Or on the other hand that del Toro has deliberately built these encounters inside the universe of the men and inside Ofelia’s dreamland to permit us to see that subtler changes which they advance in our courageous woman and her partner. The inevitable outcome, obviously, being that the circumstance in Vidal’s ‘family’ mirrors that of the war with the agitators: he neglects to perceive the inconspicuous changes happening around him and pays for it beyond all doubt. Since in reality, it is the female characters who are in charge and their encounters being investigated. As I stated, Vidal and the sensational snapshots of showdown that he is so much of the time some portion of, are the reason and the subtler changes inside the female characters the impact. All in all, I would state that likewise with most stories, emotional snapshots of showdown help to move things along in both of these movies yet are in no way, shape or form totally depended upon to make meaning and speak with the crowd. The two movies, in various ways, are about ladies and their encounters and subtlely is additionally required to discuss these encounters with the power and authentic inclination that they do. Step by step instructions to refer to All About My Mother Pan’s Labyrinth, Papers

US in the Middle East

Philosophy Educating Humanity? :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Theory Educating Humanity? Conceptual: Over two centuries of Western way of thinking has not yet contributed a lot to the training of humankind. Theory has quite often been the restrictive space of a little gathering of men. This first class character makes the supposition that way of thinking could add to the training of people towards humankind †a mankind of human rights †far-fetched. In the event that we need to instruct individuals towards mankind, we will initially need to show them an awareness of other's expectations. The intensity of influence required so as to train such an awareness of other's expectations necessitates that we show our contribution in and co-obligation regarding their solid issues by introducing away from of these issues and by setting a genuine model at every possible opportunity. One of the most all inclusive and solid issues of life is the issue of reproduction. As respects this issue, in any case, logicians have flopped wretchedly: they themselves have regularly display ed unreliable reproduction and have, truth be told, as of late started to consider the issue a subject for theory. I will attempt to examine when a choice to reproduce or prematurely end might be called dependable and whether and to what degree the utilizations of current methods, for example, in vitro preparation are in accordance with our perspectives on human rights. More than two thousand years of Western way of thinking have not yet contributed a lot to the instruction of humankind. Theory has consistently been the practically selective space of a little gathering of men, chatting in elusive language on the most unique of subjects, without being highly worried about the necessities of the normal individuals around them. This elitism subverts the supposition that way of thinking could add to the instruction of humankind all in all, and it makes the presumption that it could add to the training of people towards mankind †a mankind of human rights †completely doubtful. In the event that we need to instruct people towards humankind we will initially need to show them an awareness of other's expectations: the mindfulness that each is answerable for their own activities and the results which can be required to follow, along with the mindfulness that a person’s rights and opportunities may not infringe upon the comparing rights and opportunities of another. The intensity of influence required so as to instruct such an awareness of other's expectations necessitates that we exhibit our association in and co-obligation regarding their solid issues, by introducing away from of these issues and by setting a genuine model at every possible opportunity.

Kei Urano Essays - Anthropology, Humanities, Culture, Ethnography

Kei Urano 9/16/99 Basic Essay #1 During the initial a month of our group, we have been perusing and talking about various expositions on the investigation of culture. Every scholar we have perused has questions and issues about the investigation of culture. They have recommended us answers for the issues too. I have chosen to intently dissect the articles from Richard Johnson, James Clifford, and Clifford Geertz. In his exposition, What is Cultural Studies Anyway? Richard Johnson really expounds depicting study. Study includes taking endlessly the more helpful components and dismissing the rest.(pg. 575). By examination, Johnson characterizes social investigations as a procedure of finding valuable information about various investigation of culture. Johnson clarifies how anglicizing of old Marxism is a genuine case of evaluate in social examinations. By clarifying how old Marxism has a huge job in framing social investigations, Johnson suggests how history of financial aspects has a significant job in shaping society. Johnson accepts that there are three primary premises where old Marxism has impacted social investigation. The first is that social relations impact culture. I concur with Johnson. Distinctive class, sex, race, and age make various connections. The subsequent reason is that every person and social gathering has various restrictions of intensity characterizing various requirement s. For instance, vagrants have unexpected needs in comparison to the rich. This is a case of cash being characterized as force. The third reason is that culture is affected by social battles and contrasts. I don't have the foggiest idea about any culture where each individual is genuinely equivalent. There is consistently a battle for power. Evaluate in social investigations brings up a few issues for Johnson. In the event that we have advanced by evaluate, are there not perils that codifications will include orderly conclusion? In the event that the force is to take a stab at extremely valuable information, will scholarly codification help this? Isn't the need to turn out to be increasingly 'mainstream' as opposed to progressively scholastic? ...Regardless, understudies, presently have talks, courses and assessments in the investigation of culture. In these conditions, how might they involve a basic convention critically?(pg. 577). These inquiries have been astounding me too. I don't perceive how social investigations can be progressively 'mainstream' as opposed to increasingly scholastic. 'Well known' signifies lion's share. Johnson addresses the explanation behind classes social investigations. Does this imply we have to concentrate separately? Provided that this is true, how might it become increasingly 'well known'? I accept that Johnson's inquiries causes the perusers to go around and around. Something else that puzzles me is that Johnson accepts that old Marxism has a noteworthy job in social investigations. Marxism clarifies how the functioning gathering will topple the class framework and build up a Communist society. However, Johnson accepts that the three premises talked about before impact culture. It is safe to say that he is stating that he is against social examinations? In the eve nt that this is along these lines, I don't perceive any reason why he is a social scholar. James Clifford composed On Collecting Art and Culture. Clifford begins by clarifying about all inclusiveness and non-all inclusiveness of gathering. A 'gathering' around oneself and the gathering - the array of a material 'world,' the separating of an abstract space that is currently 'other' - is most likely all inclusive. (no pg.#). This clarifies how human instinct encapsulates chains of importance of significant worth. Yet, the thought that this social event includes the gathering of assets, the possibility that personality is a sort of wealth...is clearly not all inclusive. (no pg.3). This non-general method of gathering has been around in the Western culture for quite a while. Clifford then proceeds to clarify the various ideas of gathering and fetishizing. Clifford portrays fetishism as an assortment kept more in mystery. It is difficult to state if an interest has more an incentive than an assortment. I accept that fixation has a substantially more close to home estimation tha n a normal assortment. A customary assortment is put out into show on the grounds that the article has an incentive to others too. A fixation is significant to the person. The distinction among gathering and fetishizing draws out the topic of how various articles are recognized. Clifford recognizes protests in the outline call the semiotic square. Clifford clarifies how the estimation of an item continues from base to top and left to right. I have a few issues with Clifford's graph. To start with, with this outline, Clifford has restricted culture with just workmanship. By perusing unique

Sarah Baartman and Sandra Laing

Sarah Baartman and Sandra Laing Mackenzie Dickson The lives of Sarah Baartman and Sandra Laing were intensely confused because of imperialism, trailed by pseudo-logical thoughts concerning their sexual orientation and race. Sarah Baartmans genuine personality is as yet obscure; even her genuine name is as yet a secret. At some point during the nineteenth century Baartman showed up in England and was named The Venus Hottentot by the media and participants of the unfeeling carnival like act that Baartman had to perform. Baartmans life was controlled and destroyed by whitemangaze, driving her to turn into a ware not an individual. Whitemangaze is the westernized impression of Black ladies as items and products, elements saw solely through the crystal of-either the draw or shock of-their corporeality (Werbanowska, 19). The film Black Venus puts forth an attempt to portray the scope of responses of the white male-overwhelmed swarm, from sicken to fascination. The group was even urged to genuinely ambush Baartman. Baartman was not an individual; she was a survivor of expansionism utilized by western culture that eventually prompted the decrease of all non-white ladies to the job of (not really sexual) objects . The fetishization and otherization that Baartman endured because of expansionism steams from requirement for predominance (19). The utilization of pseudo-science was utilized to set up this feeling of predominance wanted among westerners; white individuals needed to hear that Africans were naturally inconsistent to Europeans. In 1816, Parisian researchers proclaimed Baartman was the missing connection isolating mammoth from man (Spies, 2). She, alongside other non-white individuals, was seen as a savage from a world populated by peculiar beasts fat-arsed females, murderous warriors, pre-verbal pinheads, dwarfs and nerds (Werbanowska, 19). Parisian zoologist Georges Cuvier dismembered Baartmans body and saved her genitalia, spine, and mind out of logical interest and potential fixation. As showed in the initial scene of Black Venus, Cuvier gave pseudo-logical proof to interface Baartman with primates and mandrills, concentrating on Baartmans base, skull, and her safeguarded genitalia-which he thusly goes around the room. Additionally, contrasting African ladies and crude creatures, for example, chimps and monk eys addresses the European dream of the dishonorable savage whose expected absence of cultural assimilation infers a wide range of graceless sexual practices (20). Pseudo-science performed by white men like Cuvier authorized the generalization that African ladies are savage sexual monsters, who are products as opposed to a person. The present day Venus Hottentots can be seen all through the media; theyre called video ladies. Ordinarily, video ladies are appealing, youthful, dark, females that succumb to a similar fetishization and abuse that Baartman looked in the nineteenth century. Baartmans story has gotten interchangeable with a past of sexual abuse, indecency, and in like manner, that has introduced open door for ruminating on the marvel of youthful dark ladies assume the jobs of video lady or ghetto chicks' (Henderson, 528-529). Baartman and current day video ladies work under the provincial and man centric look which saw them only through the crystal of their race and sexual orientation (Werbanowska, 26). Some video ladies met in the VH1 Documentary Sexploitation on the Set demand they are not being misused; rather, they are utilizing their body as a type of strengthening. It is undisputable that video ladies are a ware; they are selling their body and their picture so as to pick up benefit and acknowle dgment. The dark females who accept moves as video ladies are misused a similar way Sarah Baartman was. They are mistreated as a result of their race and sexual orientation, than changed into a product by benefitting from uncovering their bodies. In 1966, youthful Sandra Laings race was raised doubt about by the Race Classification Board in South Africa; Laing was around ten at that point. In the principal scene of the arrangement, The Power of an Illusion, race is depicted as a reasonable qualification among people; qualities don't need to be firmly taken a gander at to decide a people race. This was not the situation for Laing, who was conceived from two white guardians yet had darker skin-in this manner, seeming dark. The film, Skin, portrays the difficulties Laing endured a period of racial isolation (Apartheid) and absence of genuine science. Like Baartmans story, race is a cultural build used to put non-whites lower in the hierarchal structure, which prompts an existence with or without assets, benefit and force (Younge, 106). Pseudo-sciences used to demonstrate/refute Laings race depended on her physical appearance. As showed in the film, the individuals from the RCB review Laings hair, base, and mouth. Another analyst offered the clarification of a hereditary return, which means Sandras white guardians conveyed African qualities. This was the main practical clarification for Laings skin shading, however the courts thought that it was ludicrous (Skin). The truth is that race is a natural legend, however it was accepted that race was established in science, and connected to other, increasingly complex inner contrasts. Like athletic capacity. Melodic inclination. Insight (Race-The Power of an Illusion). At long last, Sandra was controlled legitimately white. Regardless of being legitimately white, Sandra was avoided by other white individuals. In the wake of discovering comfort in dark networks, Sandra confronted lawful guidelines that kept her from advancing her life since she was legitimately white. The constrained racial arrangement positively confused Sandras life. Works Cited Dark Venus. Coordinated by Abdellatif Kechiche , MK2, 2010. Film. Scene One: The Difference Between Us. Race-The Power of an Illusion, coordinated by Christine Herbes-Sommers, California Newsreel, 2003. TV. Henderson, Carol E. African American Review. African American Review, vol. 44, no. 3,â 2011, pp. 528-530., www.jstor.org/stable/23316222. Sexploitation on the Set. VH1 Video Vixen Documentary. VH1, 2005. Television.â Skin. Coordinated by Anthony Fabian, BBC Films, 2008. Film. Spies, Bertha M. Saartjie. African Arts. second ed. Vol. 47. Officials of the U of California, 2014.â Print. Werbanowska, Marta. Recovering the Commodified Body: The Stories of Saartjie Baartmanâ and Josephine Baker in the Poetry of Elizabeth Alexander. Ethos: A Digital Review of Arts, Humanities, and Public Ethics. Ed. Katherine Walker and Benjamin Mangrum. Ethos, 2014. 18-32. Google Scholar. Web. Younge, Gary. The Margins and the Mainstreams. Exhibition halls, Equality, and Social Justice. Ed. Richard Sandell and Eithne Nighingale. Routledge, 2013. Google Scholar. Web.

Structure and function, dorms and culture

Structure and function, dorms and culture If youve taken high school biology, youve probably heard that structure follows function. This is a good axiom for biologists, but its sort of backwards when you look at MIT undergraduate dorms and their cultures. You see, I have this theory that for MIT dorms, function follows structure. Or, to be more descriptive, geography and physical structure have a causal relationship with a dorms culture. Let me explain Take the East Campus/West Campus divide. As Ive mentioned before, culturally speaking, East Campus, Senior Haus, and Random Hall are East (even though Random is not actually east of Mass Ave) and Baker, Burton-Conner, McCormick, Macgregor, New House, Next House, and Simmons are West. Bexley is not really either. West Campus people are generally considered more conventional and normal (though really, theres a limit to how normal anyone at MIT is), with hobbies, decorating styles, and group cultures that reflect this. East Campus people, such as myself, are unconventional and weird, even relative to the general MIT population. How did this happen? There are personality differences among the East Campus dorms, among the West Campus dorms, and among the halls and entries in those dorms. With such living group diversity, how is it that geography ended up such a predictor of normal vs. weird? Except for Simmons, which is across the athletic field from the rest of West Campus, all the West Campus dorms are on Amherst Alley, also called Dorm Row. Most of them have little lawns. Some, such as Baker, are architectural landmarks, and many of them are very pretty. There are no academic buildings in this area of campus, but in addition to the many dorms it includes the Student Center, the Z-Center (and other athletic facilities), and the athletic playing field. These features pretty dorms grouped together, student hangouts, sports, having their own space set apart from the academic buildings are all markers of a traditional college residential area, and a traditional college experience. The geographical locations of the East Campus dorms are very different. East Campus and Senior Haus are in the midst of the academic buildings, only a few feet away from the Media Lab, the right-triangular building 66, the Green Building, and others. Random is near Central Square. All of these are very industrial, rather inhospitable-looking locations. These dorms are old and dingy. East Campus looks more like barracks than a dorm. Random has no place for green space; its denizens instead enjoy the outdoors on their roofdeck. East Campus has its courtyard in which the grass refuses to grow. Senior Haus has its courtyard concrete, bare, and sometimes graffitied, with the Tree that Drinks Blood and the tire swing in the middle. Go inside any of these dorms and find brightly-colored walls (and sometimes lights), ripped carpets, chipped and broken drywall, narrow hallways. These dorms are situated in the middle of bustling activity nearly all the time. The large athletic and student fac ilities are absent. This, of course, is all leading up to the observation that the geographical environment of any of these dorms does not remotely resemble a traditional college anything. Is it really so surprising, then, that over the decades the West Campus dorms attracted normal undergrads and the East Campus dorms attracted weird ones? They gravitated toward environments that suited them, and then they built cultures that reflected their personalities and their environment, which made students of either what have now come to be West and East persuasion even more likely to choose the environments they would have likely sought anyway. I have always regarded Bexley as a mixture of East and West Campus cultural traits, and interestingly, it is also in a mixture of East and West Campus geography at the beginning of Dorm Row, but bordering busy Mass Ave and just across from the western fringe of the academic buildings. I know that when I was first looking at dorms, the location of East Campus was a big draw for me. It seemed more alive, more intense. It gave me a feeling that MIT, its hallways and structures and secrets, belonged to me, rather than simply being a place where I attended classes. I dont think its a coincidence that so many East Campus people become roof and tunnel hackers, learning about MIT, the physical place, to an unsurpassed degree its a more natural activity for the weird people, but more than that, when youre in the midst of a place, its yours, and you are part of it, and can feel it pulse with life, and you desire to understand it, to reveal its secrets to yourself. Even the ugly industrial-ness of the area drew me. This, too, made it seem more alive. I step a few feet outside my dorm to the academic buildings, descend to the basement, and feel the waxed bumps beneath my bare feet, and bask in the hum of the machines. Theres a strange peace in feeling at one with a place. The dingy barracks that are the outside of East Campus complement the beat-up, debris-laden, colorful, surreal, unexpected worn beauty of the halls. Even between West or East Campus dorms, I can see the influence of structure on culture. Senior Haus, which with its concrete courtyard outside and narrow hallways inside, has the most punkish urban-ghetto texture of any of the dorms this is a place you can imagine the Ramones living if theyd been MIT students and attracts the punks (who then paint the walls with graffiti, blast punk music into the courtyard, and attract more punks). East Campus and Random, buildings which give off less of a spiked-hair-leather-jacket-studded-collar impression when you walk up to them (were talking even before you go inside), attract more of the builders and twinkies. Macgregor has all singles and is mostly a tall tower; to access lots of people you have to make the effort to go between floors and this makes a dorm famous for introverts. Does this hold true for FSILGs? Somone who lives in an FSILG might have more insight, but my experience is, not much. This might be because FSILGs tend to locate themselves in whatever nice house they can acquire, and because if an FSILG moves to a new house, as some of them do from time to time, a pre-existing culture is moving into a location rather than a new culture being formed in one. My theory has interesting implications for Simmons, MITs newest dorm, only a few years old. It is West Campus, and near most of the same facilities that the other West Campus dorms arebut as it is on Vassar Street rather than Dorm Row, the setting is more industrial than for the rest of West Campus, and the building looks like a robot monster from a bad sci-fi movie. Not traditional fare. On the other hand, it is new and luxurious, which are more West attributes. Its culture is still very young and not well-formed. Interestingly, its becoming known as a West Campus dorm with subtle East flavors, which is consistent with what I would have guessed.